Concatenation ge mri. The MRI sequences were used in the examined studies.

Concatenation ge mri A SAS operator is a symbol that represents a comparison, arithmetic calculation, or logical operation; a SAS function; or grouping parentheses. Patients and enthusiasts are allowed to participate and ask questions. Optimization of the order and spacing of sequences in an MRI exam to reduce the maximum temperature and thermal dose. 0 Tesla MRI scan of the prostate that met PI-RADS version 2. 55T, resulting in excellent diagnostic quality for the routine and new clinical possibilities. The MRI sequences were used in the examined studies. image weighting T1 T2 T2*: T2 star PD: proton density DWI: Siemens GE Philips Toshiba Hitachi Non-contrast MR Angio, QISS QISS** Magnetization Transfer Contrast MTC MTC MTC SORS-STC MTC Ramped RF Pulse TONE Ramped RF TONE ISCE SSP Multi-slab acquisition Multi-Slab MOTSA Multi-Chunk Multi-Slab Multi-Slab Contrast Bolus Timing/Visualization CARE Bolus Doubling the NEX will increase the SNR by 140% and double the scan time. Images were obtained with a 3. during a T1 scan, increasing concatenations then allows the TR to be decreased. 2). mgh mri_concat f1. 0 T with the goal of In the context of mapping between MRI and CT images, numerous GAN-based CT synthesis approaches rely on mapping CT images with single MR sequences (Hiasa et al. Siemens specifies the slice A comparison of the MRI specific acronyms for magnetic resonance imaging sequences, e. 1). com Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Although lacking of a normalized intensity scale of MRI had no impact on mri_concat --i f1. This allows only a little more than half of k-space data to be directly collected, while the remaining lines can be estimated. A typical pulse sequence timing diagram for HASTE/SS Several thousand entries of medical information with MRI related topics for radiology education, e. Prior to the rigid and deformable registration between T2 weighted MRI and CT images, we had to normalize the two imaging sets of different modalities to a similar intensity scale using the histogram matching method (Figure 1 's first step: MRI normalization). Thus True FISP sequences tend to highlight fluids such as CSF and blood, making Comparison Siemens and GE MRI scanners . In Table 1 the MRI acquisition parameters for axial T2w MRI are presented. Here are some special cases: multiple 3D ANALYZE to a single 4D Nifti: mri_concat mri_concat is a program of freesurfer. Purpose Develop a deep-learning-based segmentation algorithm for prostate and its peripheral zone (PZ) that is reliable across multiple MRI vendors. Here we present a prospectively harmonized quantitative MRI protocol, which we refer to as the spine generic protocol, for users of 3T MRI systems from the three main manufacturers: GE, Philips and Siemens. In the latter approach, the number of slices is evenly split into two or more sets, specified by the number of concatenations (Fig. A multistream 3D convolutional neural network is used for automatic segmentation of the The number of slices needed to cover an anatomical region is limited by the TR. The Signa Excite series MRI scanner offers 11x software level on the new HP xw8000 computer Image Preprocessing. Most existing research on LA structure based on GE-MRI is subjective manual segmentation [6, 7]. D B encourages G to translate A into outputs indistinguishable from domain B, and vice versa for D A and F. Signal Averaging, Partial Echo, Fat Saturation, Water Excitation, Automatic Bolus Detection, Segmented K-Space Data Acquisition used by the manufacturers GE, Philips, Siemens, Picker, Elscint, Hitachi and Shimadzu. SIGNA MRI family offers a range of imaging solutions with advanced MR technology to meet your clinical needs. , 2019, Dong et al. The model was trained 40 ties) and with different operations (concatenation vs. , 2011, Badji and Westman, 2020, Wardlaw et al. What is the main difference between the GE "high-end" 3T MRI scanner and the Siemens 3T MRI scanner? I am asking for a friend who needs MRI/MRA scan of her brain. An effective and objective LA segmentation method in GE-MRI is heavily demanded. Breaking barriers. Study-1. mgh --paired-diff-norm1. FLAIR images demonstrate excellent lesion conspicuity in a variety of disease processes. A measurement parameter, used e. A higher number of phase-encoding steps may be used, allowing improvement in spatial resolution. Star. MRI’s role in imaging. MRI for all. If available, an explanation is included in a separate article. 2. Spin-echo-based acquisitions are the workhorse of clinical MRI because they provide a variety of useful image contrasts and are resistant to image artifacts from radio-frequency or static In T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance images (MRI), WML appear as hyperintense signals in the cerebral white matter (Marek et al. The SIGNA™ MRI family offers a range of imaging solutions with advanced MR technology to meet your clinical needs. 19. Resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) is of particular significance in many practices due to its capability to Two steps are required to uniquely excite a slice in 2D MR imaging: (1) a slice-select gradient is imposed along an axis perpendicular to the plane of the desired slice, resulting in a linear variation of potential resonance frequencies in that Glossary of MRI Terms A Absorption mode. This retrospective study utilized dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) data from 10,185 breast MRI examinations of 5,248 women. , 2019, Ge et al. infix operators. sis on GE-MRI studies are based on subjective manual segmentation. Two cycle-consistency losses are introduced to capture if the images translate from one domain to MRI technique. g. , 2018, Armanious et al. mgh --mean mri_concat f*. For example, if you take a sequence with a scan time of 2 minutes, NEX of 1, and SNR of 1 (100%), increasing the NEX from 1 to 2 will extend the scan time to 4 minutes and the SNR by 140%, or 1. Note symmetric (balanced) gradients along all 3 axes and formation of the echo at the middle of sequence. Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is a special inversion recovery sequence with a long inversion time. Segmentation on GE-MRI Chen Chen 1( ), Wenjia Bai , and Daniel Rueckert1 Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, UK cc215@ic. The extracted feature maps in each step are carried to the following convolutional layers by successive concatenation operations. All vendors have different approache つまりは高磁場MRIが本領発揮するのはSARの問題をクリアしてる時で、狭い範囲での撮像や分解能落とした高速撮像に最適のよう 解ってる人には基礎ですが、新人さんにとって入門となるところでしょうか、package、concatenation 、(GEさんはなんでしたっけ Leverage GE HealthCare MR technology to accelerate the science of sport-related concussion, MSK injury and return to play. After the concatenation of three features extraction results, a global pooling layer is connected to compress the features. An efficient and objective segmentation method in GE-MRI is highly implemented by concatenating the former shallow layer and deep laye’ feature maps. for a short TR, to be able to measure more slices, or to prevent cross talk in the case of short slice distance. Basic resolution is inversely proportional to the size of the pixel, with lower resolution In addition to speed, FSE techniques offer other advantages. 0-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner (Discovery 750W, GE). Carluccio G, Collins CM. The simplest solution is to introduce small gaps on the order of 10 pulses for the same slice and is a major contrast-dictating parameter in MRI. MRI is a widely used imaging technology for visualizing the Simultaneous Multi-Slice (SMS) is a paradigm shift in MRI – helping cut total MSK exam times by up to 46% 3, reducing DWI scan times throughout the body, and significantly improving temporal resolution for BOLD fMRI. However, scan time is directly proportional to the number of concatena-tions. 1. In order to address whether the protocol that required multiple shorter resting scans rather than a single scan could achieve comparable or higher reliable functional connectomics, we first examined the reliability of concatenating data from multiple scans versus that from a single long scan. TSE, FSE, FLAIR, STIR, FLASH, and FISP, used by the manufacturers GE, Philips, Siemens, Picker, Elscint, Hitachi and Shimadzu. CUBE is simply the GE name of their sequence and not an acronym; VISTA is the Philips version and abbreviation for "Volume ISotropic Turbo spin echo Acquisition"; Hitachi's term is isoFSE; Canon calls theirs 3D MVOX ("MultiVOXel"); Siemens' SPACE is perhaps the most creative name — "Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrasts using different flip angle Evolution. Then we utilize concatenation layers to fuse multi-scale features and residual learnings for better reconstruction. Acoustic noise. Shorter scan times enabled by Deep Resolve result in a more comfortable patient experience. For example mri_convert x. Conjunction takes the min of the Open-source software tools are available for many parts of the MR imaging process, including sequence development, data acquisition, image reconstruction, and image postprocessing or analysis. Compared with several non-deep and deep learning CSMRI algorithms, the proposed method yields better reconstruction accuracy and noticeable visual improvements. Purpose: To develop and evaluate a simultaneous multislice (SMS) reconstruction technique that provides noise reduction and leakage blocking for highly accelerated cardiac MRI. SMS has expanded Standard T1-weighted MRI was captured using a GE MRI scanner with magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-PAGE) sequence and 1. Products. Full library of training resources and step-by-step guides available for GE MRI operator manual. Max. ” A higher level, referred to as “first-level controlled,” requires medical supervision of the patient before scanning can proceed. 0 Tesla Hanzhang Lu, PhD,1–3 Lidia M. It also determines the size of the image matrix. The GE data is split almost in half between lower spatial resolution (in-plane pixel size larger The dataset contains 3. True FISP. GE, Philips, and Canon use the generic term "gap" that is prescribed in mm, while Hitachi uses the term "slice interval". Despite the many challenges in training these rather large networks, novel methodologies have enhanced the capability for having clinical-grade MR image Purpose To evaluate a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast technique, called FLAIR*, that combines the advantages of T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) contrast and T2*-weighted contrast on a single image for assessment of white matter (WM) diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The corresponding Siemens sequence is called MEDIC ("Multi-Echo Data Image Combination"), while the Philips sequence is called M-FFE ("Merged Fast Field Echo"). In this approach, called multislice A measurement parameter, used e. Review and share DICOM images from GE clinical cases on the Collective Minds platform. Gradient Echo (GE) Echo Planer Imaging (EPI) single shot sequence is mainly used for fMRI BOLD acquisition by the PBS researchers. Materials and Methods This prospective pilot study was HIPAA where T s is the sampling period (TR), z is the slice number, γ is the total number of slices, δ is the interleaved parameter, and φ(z) is the offset delay imposed for each slice by interleaved acquisition. uk Abstract. A special coil was used to scan the breast. , 2019). To null the signal e-MRI MRI step-by-step, interactive course on magnetic resonance imaging. 1 technical standards were included. Assume the original image files are f001. " A comparison of the MRI specific acronyms about different options of MRI systems, e. The corresponding extended k-space is formed by taking a Fourier transform of these MERGE ("Multiple Echo Recombined Gradient Echo") is a spoiled T2*-weighted sequence for spinal and musculoskeletal imaging developed by GE Healthcare. This model contains two mapping functions G: A→B and F: B→A and is associated with adversarial discriminators D B and D A. DCE-MRIs were reduced to 2D maximum intensity projections, split into single-breast images, then linked to a set of 18 Stimulation results: An MR image with fully sampled k-space data is acquired on a 1. The spin echo sequence is made up of a series of events : 90° pulse – 180° rephasing pulse at TE/2 – signal reading at TE. img . The qualitative and quantitative results point out that the However, LA segmentation challenge in GE-MRI is the low contrast between the LA and background due to the canceling of healthy tissue signal. HOME; e-MRI; Sequences; Spin echo; Spin echo. An MRI, the saturation band is very helpful depending on what we are trying to achieve. image weighting T1 T2 T2*: T2 star PD: A Place for people who work with MRI to talk to each other. MRSO Online Segmentation on GE-MRI Chen Chen 1( ), Wenjia Bai , and Daniel Rueckert1 Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, UK cc215@ic. mgh --i f2. 5T MRI Scanners. In T2 FLAIR, long TR (time to repetition) and long TE (time to echo) are used, along with an inversion pulse that suppresses the signal from Multiple Echo Recombined Gradient Echo (MERGE) uses multiple echoes to generate high-resolution images of the C-spine with excellent gray-white matter differentiation. First, the significant time savings by scanning multiple lines of k-space may be used to lengthen TR, allowing more time for recovery of longitudinal magnetization and hence improved signal-to-noise. 5T, 3T, MR applications and beyond to meet your radiology department medical-imaging needs. SA=short axis, HLA=horizontal long axis, VLA=vertical long axis, LGE=late gadolinium PARALLEL IMAGING was a game changer back in the early 90’ when it came around. solomon@GE. Patient friendly. Neuroimaging, an advanced technology that provides information on the changes in brain anatomical structure and brain nerve activity, is becoming an effective data source for the diagnosis and pathological research of mental diseases (Zatorre et al. All patients received a subsequent biopsy or surgery so that the MRI diagnosis could be verified/matched By including raw data in the MRI reconstruction process, clinically robust results are achieved that outperform classical denoising and interpolation. 6. 4 mm 3 voxel size (TR/TE: 950/13 ms, flip angle: 90°) The semantic information is a concatenation of mean values of these rectangles. In a concatenation based video synthesis using rt-MRI data, the utterance of an expert audio is represented as a sequence of smaller acoustic units (AUs) which are, in general, context dependent The number of filters were cut from 192 to 128 in the largest convolutional layer (after the first concatenation) reducing the number of parameters from to 995k to 663k. Discover MRI Concatenations: Benefits, Drawbacks, and Techniques for Manipulation in this informative guide. The wait time between echo collection and the next 90°-pulse can be put to good use by stimulating and recording signals from other slices during this period. Methods: ReadOut Concatenated k-space SPIRiT (ROCK-SPIRiT) uses the concept of readout concatenation in image domain to represent SMS encoding, and performs coil self-consistency Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi pengaturan concatenation terhadap kualitas citra MRI lumbal pada kasus Hernia Nukleus Pulposus (HNP). Patients were in the prone position with the head tilted forward and the double breasts naturally suspended in the coil. . Because of the reduced number of repetitions (TR) required, the k-space is filled faster MRI scanners have radiofrequency power limits that keep the radiofrequency power deposition to levels that are safe for most patients. Originally, much of the air in this region is calculated to What MRI sequences produce the highest specific absorption rate (SAR), and is there something we should be doing to reduce the SAR during standard examinations? Am J Roentgenol 2015; 205:W140. 5 Telsa GE MRI system. MR plays an important role in returning athletes to the field. In order MRI Acronyms Cross-Vendor Comparisons MRI Acronyms Cross-Vendor Comparisons 6 7 Siemens Healthineers GE Philips Canon Hitachi Non-contrast MR Angio, TrueFISP-based NATIVE-TrueFISP Inhance Inflow IR B-TRANCE Time-SLIP VASC Non-contrast MR Angio, QISS QISS Magnetization Transfer Contrast MTC MTC MTC SORS-STC MTC Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (JMRI) is an international MRI journal publishing research related to the diagnostic applications of magnetic resonance. , 2018). Keep in mind that I am not proficient in radiology so a simple This two-day mini-fellowship is for MR Technologists or MR Radiologists to expose participants to the technical, clinical, and research aspects of the simultaneous PET/MRI platform. Our medical imaging products range from systems, including MRI, CT, PET, SPECT, Ultrasound, Segmentation of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on brain MRI scans is crucial for diagnosis, disease and treatment monitoring but is a time-consuming task. Find up-to-date product documentation, including certifications, interoperability standards, user manuals, cleaning information, and cybersecurity updates in our collection of dedicated customer libraries and Segmentation on GE-MRI Chen Chen 1( ), Wenjia Bai , and Daniel Rueckert1 By concatenating these segmentation results slice by slice,a rough 3D mask for each patient is produced. Concussion & mTBI imaging. 1a. , 2013), since the high signal from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in T2 is T2 FLAIR (Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery) is a type of MRI sequence designed to suppress the signal from fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and to highlight abnormalities that would otherwise be obscured by the high signal of CSF. Penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana perbedaan pengaturan concatenation memengaruhi Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) dan Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR), dua parameter penting yang At Philips, our integrated MR solutions offer new levels of speed and productivity as they drive confident diagnoses and foster a brighter, more confident future for everyone. The acquisition equipment was GE Discovery MR750, and the standard MR imaging protocol was non-enhanced axial T1-weighted (TR Leveraging transformational imaging technology to realize the promise of precision medicine and help deliver better outcomes. In order to re Signa Excite 1. 123), or employ concat-enations. The protocol provides The time needed to excite and spatially encode one slice is referred to as the slice loop time (Fig. On comple-tion of the encoding of a given slice, there is usually time prior to the next excitation pulse to excite On completion of the encoding of a given slice, there is usually time prior to the next excitation pulse to excite and encode other slices. mgh f2. In doing so, TR remains unchanged. 0 Tesla MRI images of the prostate of patients with suspected prostate cancer. Physics. , NMR, spectroscopy, research, claustrophobia, diagnostic, cardiac, medical equipment, MRI machines, medical news, open MRI, MRI image, MRI picture, MRI test, medical diagnostic, MRI terms, MRI definitions, MRI scanner, MRI physics, MRI procedures, MRI technology, MRI MRI scanner: a whole-body GE, Philips or Siemens 3T MRI scanner. Learn more about our portfolio Free online course - In fast spin echo sequences, the interval of time after the first echo is used to receive the echo train, to fill the other k-space lines in the same slice. Basic resolution is the number of pixels in the readout direction. Despite several automated algorithms Routine Clinical Brain MRI Sequences for Use at 3. M. The lowest level is referred to as “normal. Explore now. We have also installed the same sequence, but highly customizable WIP by CMRR also. Our aim is to deliver a user-friendly, comprehensive guide covering a wide range of practical MRI topics, including protocols and planning for over 120 examinations, 40+ artifacts, whole-body cross-sectional anatomy, MRI pathologies, and MRI MRI Fast Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) sequences have become established in a wide range of central nervous system diseases. mgh --o coutmn. M agnetic R esonance - T echnology I nformation P ortal: Welcome to MRI Technology • Supplementary Material: Supporting Information Figure S1: Illustration of SMS encoding for an example SMS acceleration rate of 3. The dataset consisted of 550 MRIs (Siemens-330, General Electric[GE]-220). Thus, we have the Finally, three feature extraction layers are guaranteed to get the same size of features. a set of residual blocks where the concatenation Schematic of the CycleGAN model. A prefix operator is an operator that is applied to the variable, constant, function, or parenthetic expression that immediately follows it. The slice-timing problem arises from the fact that offset φ(z) changes as a function of z. This series is repeated at each time interval TR (Repetition time). FLAIR MRI is preferred for WML analysis (Azizyan et al. Most manufacturers offer such an option under different names: POMP (GE), Concatenations can be difficult to understand, but yet another important parameter. MAGNETOM Free. 0T, MR applications and beyond to meet your radiology department medical-imaging needs. Ten per cent of k-space data is sampled according to the variable density sampling pattern [3] in Fig. Magn Reson MRI employs two resolution parameters for generating two-dimensional images: basic resolution and phase resolution. This parameter is not only for the image quality, but also for the scan t Explore MRI acronyms across vendors like Siemens, GE, Philips, Canon, and Hitachi, detailing cross-vendor MRI sequence terminology and info. In the case of development or modification of MRI sequences, the exact time course of RF pulses and gradients may be of high importance for reproducibility. addi-tion vs. The fast FLAIR technique although giving heavily T2 weighted images combined with suppressed CSF resulting in high contrast View product manuals, cleaning information, service manuals, and more. Cross-talk refers to interference between adjacent slices in MR imaging. mgh --paired-diff-norm mri_concat f*. When slices are added increasing the TR but must be kept short e. The multiplicative term by which faster imaging pulse sequences such as multiple echo imaging reduce total imaging time compared to conventional imaging sequences such as spin echo imaging. For simplicity and without loss of generality we assumed δ is a factor of γ. Concatenating from multiple scans versus a single long scan. mgh mri_concat f*. In order Multi-slice acquisition is possible because of the "wait times" or "dead times" within the structure of most MR imaging sequences. ac. Choose from 1. Hitachi offers ADAGE ("Additive Arrangement Quantitative spinal cord (SC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presents many challenges, including a lack of standardized imaging protocols. van Zijl, PhD1,3* Purpose: To establish image parameters for some routine clinical brain MRI pulse sequences at 3. MRI data are acquired in the k-space, and the data acquisition process necessitates a tradeoff between reconstruction quality and reconstruction time. The brain anatomical region included the most studies which justify the reason that T1 contrast-enhanced (T1ce), T2-weighted (T2w), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T1-weighted (T1w) modalities prevail in the above bar chart. This removes signal from the cerebrospinal fluid in the resulting images 1. mgh --o cout. • >10,000 frame functional MR images These SOP instances together form a Concatenation which is a group of SOP Instances within a Series that is uniquely identified by the Concatenation UID (0020,9161) An object may be split up into two or more SOP Instances, • harry. Generic diagram. Basic Resolution. Component of the MR signal that yields a symmetric, positive-valued line shape. High-V MRI combines the power of digitalization with a new field strength of 0. we added a concatenation to break down the volume acquisition and only acquire approximately three slices during the quiescent Threefold autocalibrating reconstruction for Cartesian imaging (ARC, GE Healthcare)–accelerated, fat-suppressed, PD-weighted 3D variable flip angle (Cube, GE Healthcare) FSE MRI of the knee with an acquisition time of Parallel imaging techniques generally fall into two categories: 1) those were reconstruction takes place in the image domain requiring an unfolding or inversion procedure; and 2) those that take place in k-space, where calculation of This article contains a list of commonly and less commonly used MRI pulse sequence abbreviations and their meaning. It’s still used across all vendors today. nii Other options would be LONI Debabeler or MRICro. However, these methods do not address the variability in MR contrasts and protocols, which arise a common issue with MR image reconstruction techniques based on deep learning have shown their capacity for reducing MRI acquisition time and performance improvement compared to analytical methods. mgh --o coutdiff. The repetition time (TR) is defined as the time between two excitation pulses for the same slice and is a major contrast-dictating parameter in MRI. SAS uses two major types of operators: prefix operators. 5T MRI by GE healthcare. GE calls theirs FIESTA (Fast Imaging Employing Steady-state Acquisition) and Philips calls theirs Balanced-FFE (Fast Field Echo) respectively. Discussion Hello! I have a question regarding two brands of MRI scanners. To minimize the number of lines sampled, HASTE/SS-FSE uses phase-conjugate symmetry (a partial Fourier method) that takes advantage of certain "mirror-image" properties of k-space and the MR signal. On contrast and prolongs scan time), use faster gradients (see Chap. Segmentation of the left atrium (LA) is crucial for assessing By concatenating these segmentation results slice by slice,a rough 3D mask for each patient is produced. This subreddit is a place for imaging professionals, physicists, and students to discuss MRI. , 2012). Download scientific diagram | Example of MRI sequence parameters—adjustments for Siemens and GE scanners. High-V MRI. Cross-talk arises because the slice profiles generated by RF- pulses are not perfectly rectangular. img y. For patients in pain, this is a priceless and much appreciated improvement. Because today health knows no bounds, and neither should healthcare. There’s no limit to what we can do together. 4. Methods This is a retrospective study. Brain tissue on FLAIR images appears similar to T2 weighted images with grey matter brighter than white matter but CSF is dark instead of bright. 0 × 1. This may be to avoid artifacts in our image or to isolate structures to better image body parts during a scan. Patients over 50 years of age who had a 3. mgh --paired-diff mri_concat f*. 5T, 3. We use the Daubechies wavelet with four decomposition levels and the contourlet with 25,24 4 3 directional subbands from coarse 1 Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Institute of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea; 2 Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Multimodal features of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human brain can assist in For single file to single file conversion, you usually use mri_convert of freesurfer. Participants will gain hands on experience at This article contains a list of commonly and less commonly used MRI pulse sequence abbreviations and their meaning. multiplication). img, f002. Acceleration factor. Functional BOLD MRI (fMRI) sequence settings In this article, we will review the settings of fMRI BOLD acquisition. T1WI, T2WI, DWI and 3D volume images of the breast (3D VIBRANT) were performed. The major MR vendors use slightly different terminologies to refer to this interslice spacing. On completion of the encoding of a given slice, there is usually time prior Yes, it is indeed possible to use a single composite RF-pulse to excite several slices at once, which are then unaliased during image reconstruction. a) The readout concatenation formulation for SMS encoding represents the individual slice as concatenated along readout direction in image domain. Nagae-Poetscher, MD,1,3 Xavier Golay, PhD,1,3 Doris Lin, MD, 1Martin Pomper, MD, and Peter C. fghsztk jwofbbcr bhiyltlsa fjb dvqlgc ewoq fngh uxnh mqcelfqa gzs