Effect of earthquake on different types of structures ppt. Materials used in construction.

Effect of earthquake on different types of structures ppt. The objective of the paper is to show the effect of the earthquake on different types of foundations such as shallow, mat/raft, pile and structures like gravity dam, arch dam etc. 3. INTRODUCTION A member of a structure, that connects it to the ground and distribute loads tothe ground is Foundation. The seismic activity of an area is the frequency, type, and size of earthquakes experienced over a particular time. Ground shaking will vary over topography, bedrock type, and the location and orientation of the fault rupture. For monolithic reinforced concrete structures located in the seismic zone 2, and 3 without more than 5 storey high and importance factor less than 1, the seismic forces are not critical. Regular Structure (4 storey) 2. Also Read: What is Base Isolation? 1. 3) The epicenter of an earthquake can be located using data from at least 3 seismic stations to determine where the P and S waves intersect. 8 earthquake on the Richter scale • Reservoirs- Sichuan province in China created a 7. If the Epicenter of a larger earthquake is situated in the offsore (sea/ocean) seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause Tsunami. It also covers where earthquakes typically occur and how their magnitudes are measured. • The blast explosion nearby or within structure is due to pressure or vehicle bomb or quarry blasting. For this we have to define a sample problem and apply various seismic parameters The effect of earthquakes on structures and the design of structures to withstand earthquakes with low damage is the subject of earthquake resistant structural design. 3)It is expressed in roman numbers from I to XII. Damage to Man-Made Structures: One of the most noticeable effects of an earthquake is the damage it can cause to buildings, bridges, roads and other man-made structures. ⦁ Damage to vegetations Some banana plants are tilted, a few downed and leaves are generally SEISMIC EFFECTS ON STRUCTURES 2. May 26, 2008 · Soil Effect • Recorded earthquake motions show that response spectrum shape differs for different type of soil profile at the site Period (sec) Fig. Live loads. The shaking can lead to structural failure, collapse and extensive damage, especially if the buildings are not designed or constructed to withstand seismic activity. Observation of structural performance Different types of base isolation techniques are developed one after the other, each prepared for specific seismic conditions and structures. Slide 18: Tsunamis Q: What is a tsunami? Nov 28, 2023 · An earthquake is defined as the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. 25-4. The reaction of soil to the loading of the building when a building Effects of earthquakes and volcanoes on people and the environment. Because the entire range of observed effects is not capable of simple quantitative definition, the strength of the shaking is commonly estimated by reference to intensity scales that describe the effects in qualitative terms. Dec 17, 2016 · The scales which use these effects of an earthquake as a parameter for assessment are known as Earthquake Intensity Scales. 4) It is useful to measure the strength of the earthquake at different times and location. In addition, some earthquake parameters such as magnitude, PGA, duration, predominant frequency etc. Dec 23, 2014 · Earthquakes have both primary effects of immediate damage through collapsing buildings, and secondary effects like tsunamis, landslides, fires, disease outbreaks, and soil liquefaction that prolong suffering after the initial quake. What are the primary effects of earthquakes? May 1, 2016 · Manmade causes • Fracking- high pressure jets of water and sand – Blackpool piloting created a 2. 4) It is only useful for measuring earthquake in inhabited areas. Local site effects such as ground subsidence, liquefaction and site amplification are studied under geotechnical earthquake engineering. Nov 3, 2014 · 15. Jul 4, 2020 · 5. It first describes the structure of the Earth and what causes earthquakes. The main reason behind the failure of any structure is load-carrying capacity is low as compared to the actual load applying to the structure. Earthquakes generate destructive inertia forces in structures by causing horizontal and vertical shaking that can deform and damage buildings. The document then discusses how earthquakes affect reinforced concrete structures and bending forces on beams. Earthquakes are caused by sudden movements within the Earth's crust due to plate tectonic forces. 8) earthquake (photo courtesy of USGS ). in these types of earthquakes due to large deformations of earth crest movements of adjacent crest of the earth takes place which causes major earth quakes. It covers topics such as types of masonry materials, connections needed between building elements like roofs, walls and floors, and the effects of Mar 6, 2024 · PROPOSED WORK Parameters considered while analyzing the symmetrical and unsymmetrical buildings :- Type of earthquake excitations. It is a result of the passage of seismic waves through the ground, and ranges from quite gentle in small earthquakes to incredibly violent in large earthquakes. Structural symmetry. (rest arrow) - Exerted by any temporary force acting on the structure Loads in simple structure Jun 18, 2015 · perceived strength of an earthquake based on relative effect to people and structures; generally higher near the epicenter based on instrumentally derived information and correlates strength with the amount of total energy released at the earthquake’s point of origin Two ways of describing the strength of an earthquakeTwo ways of describing Dec 15, 2016 · Three types of irregular buildings were considered, regular structure, stiffness irregular structure (structure with ground storey as the soft storey) and two vertically geometric irregular building with different setbacks. There are several types of seismic dampers namely viscous damper, friction damper, yielding damper, magnetic damper, and tuned mass damper. May 17, 2019 · 2. "Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures", PHI Learning Private Limited, Delhi. It discusses key topics such as: 1) Seismology is defined as the science of earthquakes and elastic waves. It looks at the different types of stress, faults, anticlines, synclines,folded mountains, how earthquakes form, epicenter, focus, seismic waves (S and P waves), how earthquakes are measured and the type of damage related to earthquakes. Framed structures provide large open floor plans and are adaptable to different shapes. Oct 4, 2018 · How Earthquakes occurs? Earthquakes occur when two tectonic plates move suddenly against each other. It summarizes that structural damage depends on earthquake characteristics, site characteristics, and structural characteristics. 0 meters ⦁ Damage to structures Very light or no damage to high risk structures, Light to medium and low risk structures Slight damage to some houses of very light materials or makeshift structures in exposed communities. When an earthquake causes ground shaking, the base of the building would move but the roof would be at rest. Ground Shaking or Ground Motion The earth shakes with the passage of earthquake waves, which radiate energy that had been “stored” in stressed rocks, and were released when a fault broke and the rocks slipped to relieve the pent – up stress If an earthquake generates a large enough shaking intensity, structures like buildings, bridges, and dams can be severely damaged, and cliffs Apr 23, 2012 · The document discusses earthquakes and techniques for improving earthquake resistance in buildings. Oct 3, 2018 · The document discusses different types of structures, structural elements, and loads that act on structures. Earthquakes and continuous aftershocks Download the Earthquakes and Volcanoes presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and start impressing your audience with a creative and original design. Oct 31, 2024 · Earthquake waves, more commonly known as seismic waves, are vibrations generated by an earthquake and propagated within Earth or along its surface. Jan 20, 2024 · 7. Materials used in construction. It covers various sources of earthquakes and methods to resist seismic activity, including both active and passive systems. Jan 6, 2014 · 2. 3) It is expressed in the decimal numbers from 0 to 10. This fence near Point Reyes was offset 8 feet ( 2. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by . Jun 20, 2013 · T. V. Earthquake-resistant features in framed structures include shear walls, moment-resisting frames, and braced structures which resist lateral forces during seismic activity. The dangers of earthquakes are presented as well as the necessity for engineers to design structures for earthquake-prone areas that are able to withstand the forces of seismic waves. Period of vibration of structure. Because of earth’s rotation and other energy factors different shells or the rock layers constantly move or slid past each other. What are the Effects of Earthquake on Structures? 1. 8 earthquake on the Richter scale • Killed 69,000 people by accelerating the time between tectonic events • Atom bomb testing • Waste water underground Apr 19, 2017 · 2) It is based on strength of the earthquake or seismic waves. The the form in which the input is provided depends upon the type of analysis at hand. Different continental mass fragments of lesser densities float and move overriding the denser rock layers. Convective currents in the mantle cause tectonic This document discusses factors that influence earthquake damage to structures. May 26, 2008 · This document discusses failures in masonry structures and provides details on planning considerations, construction aspects, and seismic resistance of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures. The size of the area affected by earthquake-induced landslides depends on the magnitude of the earthquake, its focal depth, the topography and geologic conditions near the causative fault, and the amplitude, frequency composition, and duration of ground shaking. 1. Some of the important base isolation systems used in buildings are elastomeric bearings and friction pendulum bearings. Viscous Dampers direct earthquake effects. It also discusses seismic risk zones, probable and credible ground motions, effective peak ground acceleration, site period, soil liquefaction, building period, spectral characteristics 1. In the 27 March 1964 Alaskan earthquake, for example, strong ground shaking lasted for as much as 7 minutes! The PowerPoint looks at Earthquakes specifically the geology of earthquakes. causes of earthquakes • major earthquakes are caused due to large scale strains in the crest of earth due to imposed loads. This release of energy usually occurs because of the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's surface. May 17, 2019 · This document discusses techniques for building earthquake resistant structures in India. • When seismic energy is transmitted through them, dampers absorb part of it, and thus damp the motion of the building. Type of seismic zone. 5 m) when the San Andreas Fault moved in the 1906 San Francisco (magnitude 7. Mar 8, 2016 · 2. Earthquake also known as quake , tremor or temblor is the phenomenon where there is a sudden release of extreme energy from the earth crust resulting in shaking and displacement of the ground along with the creation of sesmic waves. • The study of blast effects on structures has been an area of formal technical investigation for over 60 years. Aug 1, 2021 · block the highways, river c hannels, etc. these are of tectonic nature. K. Intensity scales date from the late 19th and Nov 21, 2019 · Intensity - perceived strength of an earthquake based on relative effect to people and structures; generally higher near the epicenter. The damage maybe influenced by the characteristics of soil in the affected area. Maps show acceleration values for short and long period structures Jul 27, 2024 · Earthquake PPT: Introduction, What is an Earthquake? Structure of Earth, Causes of earthquakes, Types, Devastating Effects, Conclusion Oct 23, 2013 · The earthquake zoning map of India divides India into 4 seismic zones Based on the observations of the affected area due to Earthquake india divided into four types of zones: Zone - II: This is said to be the least active seismic zone. As per request from one of the Oct 8, 2018 · 5. All the structures are of 4-storeys. It defines earthquakes and describes how they occur due to movement in the earth's crust. The columns undergo relative movement (u) between their ends horizontal displacement u, larger is this greater the internal force in columns. What is Earthquake? Types of Earthquake How Earthquake Occurs? Causes and Effects of Earthquake Seismic Waves Seismic Performance and Design Improving Earthquake Resistant Of The Minor Building Shear Walls Advantages of Shear Walls Earthquake Resisting Structure Techniques Base Isolation Method Energy Dissipation Device ( Seismic Dampers) Keeping Building Up thrust Conclusion Aug 16, 2018 · The document discusses earthquake resistance in structures. Magnitude - based on instrumentally derived information and correlated strength with the amount of total energy released at the earthquake’s point of origin. Acknowledgement • Wewould liketo expressour special thanksof gratitudeto our Physicsteacher Mrs. There are different types of foundation for different purposes. Zone - IV: This is considered to be the high seismic • Place structure on a tray and test how earthquake resistant each groups structure is by shaking the tray back and forwards to see whether the structure survives. Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. Primary effects occur instantly as a direct consequence of the hazard, while secondary effects unfold in the subsequent hours, days, and weeks following the initial event. The effects of earthquakes include the development of inertia forces that can shear structures, as well as deformations in columns that generate stiffness forces as they bend. Eathquake analysis for structure design For the determination of seismic responses there is necessary to carry out seismic analysis of structure. However we can do much to reduce risks and thereby reduce disasters provided we design and build or strengthen the buildings so as to minimize the losses based on the knowledge of the earthquake performance of different build-ing types during an earthquake. Based on the available input information and the type of external action and behavior of Jul 17, 2015 · 3. Dead loads. What are the effects of earthquakes? Tectonic hazards lead to two main types of effects: primary and secondary. The document then examines the impacts of earthquakes and how buildings can collapse. ground motion characteristics • earthquake originates below the surface of the earth due to rupture of bed-rock • this is associated with release of stored strain energy that spreads out in all directions from the fault region in the form of seismic waves that travel through the body and along the surface of the earth • the characteristics of the ground shaking control earthquake Feb 25, 2018 · 2) There are different types of seismic waves including P waves, S waves, Love waves, and Rayleigh waves that move in different motions. 2) The internal structure of the Earth consists of a crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The point on the Earth's surface directly above the point where the earthquake originates is called the epicenter. Inertia Forces in Structures . Earthquake Damage depends on many factors: The size of the Earthquake The distance from the focus of the earthquake The properties of the materials at the site The nature of the The failures at Seward, Alaska, during the 1964 earthquake are an example. It describes structural analysis as predicting a structure's performance under prescribed loads. Pounding Effect Factors behind this complex phenomenon: o structure heights and their differences; o separation distance between structures; o collision’s points location; o used ground acceleration; o lateral load resisting system; o fundamental periods of structures; o type of structural material and the material that fills the space between them, (if it is used); o floor elevations; o Apr 20, 2019 · 5. Nov 1, 2015 · Tectonic earthquakes occur due to geological forces on rocks and plates, volcanic earthquakes are induced by movement of magma, collapse earthquakes happen in underground mines and caverns, and explosion earthquakes result from nuclear or chemical explosions. Behavior of Building with and without dampers • When ground seismic waves reach up and start to penetrate a base of a building and the base of the building starts moving. Some specific techniques mentioned are shear walls, bracing, dampers, isolation, and using light-weight materials. [7] Pankaj Agarwal and Manish Shrikhande (2014). Steinbrugge). ⦁ Winds of 30-60 kph is expected. -----***----- 1. There are four principal types of elastic waves: two, primary and secondary waves, travel within Earth, whereas the other two, Rayleigh and Love waves, called surface waves, travel along its surface. Primary effects are the direct result of an earthquake or volcanic eruption, such as buildings collapsing due to the movement of the earth or loss of life from pyroclastic flows. Oct 31, 2024 · Earthquake - Magnitude, Intensity, Effects: The violence of seismic shaking varies considerably over a single affected area. 16 Earthquake (MCE) which is the 2%/50 earthquake The Design Earthquake (DE), which the engineer uses to establish forces on the structure , is 2/3 the MCE value Near active faults , the MCE shaking is determined using the characteristic earthquake for each particular fault. Datta Department Of Civil Engineering, IIT Seismic inputs Various forms of Seismic inputs are used for earthquake analysis of structures. The generation of inertia forces in a structure is one of the seismic influences that detrimentally affect the structure. Mar 3, 2022 · There are different types of load that act on a structure such as vertical load (dead load, Live load), horizontal load (earthquake load, wind load) and longitudinal load, etc. It defines structures as systems used to support loads like buildings and bridges. It then covers types of earthquakes, causes and effects, seismic waves, and performance and design considerations for improving earthquake resistance. Seismic dampers permit the structure to resist severe input energy and reduce harmful deflections, forces and accelerations to structures and occupants. Apr 8, 2014 · Damage due to Earthquakes Earthquakes have varied effects, including changes in geologic features, damage to man- made structures and impact on human and animal life. Slidesgo templates like this one here offer the possibility to convey a concept, idea or topic in a clear, concise and visual way, by using different graphic resources. ⦁ Sea condition Wave Height: 1. Read less Apr 9, 2016 · 2. (red arrow) - Exerted by the weight of the element of the structure. Modern earthquake engineering aims to create earthquake-resistant designs and construction techniques to build all types of structures, using state-of-the-art technology, materials science, and testing. Stiffness Irregular Structure (Soft Storey) 3. May 17, 2018 · 5. Ishita Arora at el 2017 “To Study The Earthquake Design of Structure” They Concluded that of In the coming years, the field of Earthquake Resistant Designing of structures is most likely to witness the most reliable structure which could withstand the effect of earthquake in all kinds of zones. 2. 15 Major Earthquake Hazards Ground Motion: Shaking of structures results in damage or total collapse Liquefaction: Happens in loose saturated cohesionless soils in which the firm soil is converted into a fluid state which has no shear strength and thus structures found on these soils fail due to loss of bearing capacity of the ground Landslides: Vibrations during earthquake trigger large Oct 24, 2017 · The Earth shakes with the passage of earthquake waves, which radiate energy that had been “stored” in stressed rocks, and were released when a fault broke and the rocks slipped to relieve the pent-up stress. may be required Mar 12, 2018 · The document provides an overview of seismology and earthquake-resistant building planning. Zone - III: It is included in the moderate seismic zone. Ground shaking is the most familiar effect of earthquakes. Jun 20, 2018 · They are commonly used for multi-story buildings like offices, schools, and hospitals. •Major types of loads: 1. Other indirect effects include liquefaction, tsunamis, and structures. [8] Prof. Earthquake crates different types of avalanches which may kill hundreds of climbers, trekkers. The analysis can be performed on the basis of external action, the behavior of structure or structural materials, and the type of structural model selected. Dec 25, 2015 · As we know,shaking due to seismic waves causes damage to buildings. The effects of earthquakes and volcanoes are typically classified as being either primary or secondary. Apr 10, 2018 · -Simply, loads are some sort of force. The seismicity at a particular location in the Earth is the average rate of seismic energy release per unit volume. Dec 5, 2017 · 6. Elastomeric Bearing Nov 28, 2015 · 4. Oct 15, 2018 · Earthquake load (Seismic load) Earthquake loads are horizontal loads caused by the earthquake and shall be computed in accordance with IS 1893. Effects of earthquakes include ground shaking that can damage structures, tsunamis generated by underwater quakes, and landslides caused by destabilized slopes. These scales quantify an earthquake based on the observed effects on the Mar 19, 2024 · Common types of faults include normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults, which form due to different types of forces. Effect of Deformation in Structures The inertia force experienced by the roof is transferred to the ground via the columns, causing forces in columns. It also triggers land Feb 7, 2017 · 3. In its most general sense, the word earthquake is used Keywords: earthquake effect, soil structure interaction, shallow, mat, pilefoundation, gravity dam, arch dam. • Structures with wide bases, solid foundations, symmetrical designs and triangular supports are likely to withstand the earthquake better. ‘Suchita maam’ who gaveusthegolden opportunity to makethiswonderful presetation on ‘Earthquake Resistance Structures’ which helped usin doing alot of Research and wecameto know about so many new things. Modern Nov 20, 2012 · It begins by defining earthquakes and seismic waves, then discusses different types of seismic waves and how their movement causes shaking. Importance of structure. 16 Figure 4 Vertical fault offset in Nevada resulting from the 1954 Dixie Valley earthquake (photo by K. from Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, by Kramer, 1996 Nov 12, 2016 · Nouredine Bourahla (2013), "Equivalent Static Analysis of Structures Subjected to Seismic Actions", Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. tsp alty wxseuxv vjct whjcn dwk aptlba vpwsps nzyoq vosl