How to decorate a cemetery. Neutral colors that fit into natural backgrounds should be preferred and flashy, bright colors to be omitted. The design should be simple yet elegant, and should reflect the personality and beliefs of the person being honored. Blooming flowers and lush groundcover surrounding the headstone of a loved one provide ongoing color and beauty throughout the season. See more ideas about christmas wreaths, christmas, christmas decorations. An online cemetery optimises the way your cemetery functions while helping to boost plot sales, brings more people to your cemetery and helps to share the history on which your community is built. The saddles are constructed of heavy duty all-weather plastic or aluminum. Decorate a pet’s grave as a reflection of your pet’s personality. Those in charge of Decoration Day chose to celebrate in the spring on May 30 because they wanted to make sure the greatest number of flowers were in bloom across the country. Dec 8, 2021 · A search on Pinterest for ‘how to make outdoor mosaic’ yields hundreds of innovative ideas for your yard. Jun 9, 2022 · Cemetery decorating can get really expensive, especially when you have multiple gravesites to decorate. The concept of decorating graves isn’t a new one. Nov 1, 2023 · Every haunted cemetery has a spooky fence and ominous entrance, right? So get your yard looking like it’s straight out of a horror movie by starting with these elements. If you need ideas for decorating a gravesite with the care and respect your loved one deserves, we have inspiration. Nov 22, 2019 · Poinsettias are beautiful plants that most people associate with the holiday season. Jan 10, 2020 · Cemetery Land Use: Cemetery layout, design and documentation of local cemetery land use are critical to optimize space. It should examine the current conditions of the cemetery and identify potential returns from a cemetery master plan. Feb 28, 2023 · Why May You Want to Decorate a Grave for Christmas? You may want to decorate a grave for Christmas for many reasons. Cemetery design is not just about the aesthetics; it’s also important for a cemetery to meet community needs. Apr 3, 2022 · The planning stage should consider the size of the cemetery. The following are simple DIY ideas for pet grave markers and memorial stones. Thus, I make them out of wood using the simple process below. Here's how to make a headstone saddle (also called headstone sprays and headstone toppers) arrangement look great on top of the gravestone. The majority of the ones you will see in cemeteries are going to be the traditional shades of grays, pinks, and browns usually with flowers, or religious symbols on them. You can follow the general steps on how to make a cemetery plot mat with Excel below. This DIY Cemetery Flower Arrangement is simple to make and will save you money. Here are some backyard pet grave ideas to memorialize your cat or dog’s life. Decorative Cemetery or Grave Accessory Ideas SUPPLIES LISTED BELOW 🔽My Etsy Shop https://www. I decided to try a different approach for this arrangement. Creating a cemetery plot map with Excel can be a practical and efficient method for managing cemetery data. Another thing that all good Halloween graveyards have in common is a spooky entrance. Apr 22, 2022 · The landscape design of a cemetery should be both functional and aesthetic, maximizing the space for a variety of uses, and preserving wildlife habitat. Dec 30, 2022 - Mandy's Cemetery. If you don’t have a cemetery vase, you can buy green plastic vases with a stake. Nov 3, 2022 · 15 Ideas to Decorate a Pet’s Grave. You might make tree ornaments, a mosaic path, mosaic brickwork, mosaic tiles, a mosaic seat, or anything else that matches your area. Purchase a small Christmas tree or a poinsettia for the grave’s holiday decorations. Figures like this can sit near your garden to give your yard a fun Halloween feel during the season. Decorating a grave on the deceased’s birthday is a unique subset of this common ritual. Nov 5, 2021 · Raised Cemetery Markers. That said, knowing you’d like to design a pet memorial garden isn’t exactly the same as knowing how to. Keep in mind that part of the length will be formed into a point and driven into the ground, so the final cross will not actually be three feet tall. Visit https://www. Sketching the Cross Add A Solar Light. Step 6: Placing the Cross at the Cemetery. Decorating your loved one’s headstone with non-family, non-glass ornaments will add a nice holiday touch to their gravesite. Funeral decorations vary from simple flowers or candles to extravagant displays that reflect the person’s character and passions. 9. How to make a DIY Halloween cemetery picket fence; DIY Halloween graveyard ideas: How to make a Halloween cemetery; Halloween haunted hotel graveyard; Have comments or questions about our DIY Halloween cemetery pillars? Tell us in the section below. May 4, 2023 · Cemetery Decoration Ideas. Stringing ornaments over their headstone can add a pop of color and bring holiday spirit to the entire cemetery. This spot will serve as a daily reminder of the happy times you and your pet spent together. Cemeteries are where we can pay respect to loved ones who have died. She nodded her head and looked thoughtful. Design Your Own Monument Memorial IdeaBook for Custom Monuments. They are made with greens and decorations arranged in a wire frame and pinned into the ground, they do not use soil as do other cemetery decorations. Apr 26, 2021 · When designing a cemetery marker, you should have in mind that it should honor the person. Seek input from individuals who wish to contribute ideas or materials, fostering a sense of shared purpose and ownership. Jun 26, 2022 · Many people want to visit their loved ones in the cemetery. How to decorate a grave. Decorate her grave with pumpkins and orange and red leaves in the fall. Pipe or spoon mounds of whipped topping onto the cake as ghosts, and use the decorator’s gel or icing to add eyes or mouths to them as needed. Paint a memorial rock. 5. You may need more than one pool noodle piece to fit your cemetery vase. When it comes to making a wooden cross for a grave, the design of the cross is an important consideration. Materials:1 plastic vase (on Mar 7, 2024 · Transport your arrangement to the cemetery in a secured vehicle, taking care to avoid any potential damage during the journey. com/shop/WreathsBy Jan 25, 2019 - Explore Nina Servino's board "cemetery flowers christmas" on Pinterest. One of the primary reasons to decorate a grave for Christmas is to honor and remember the life of someone you care about who has passed away. Haunted cemetery archway entrance. Chronicle offers such solution in our Cemetery Design and Planning Apr 23, 2022 · In the south, we have a tradition of putting flowers on the graves of our loved ones. May 19, 2024 · Other Halloween Graveyard Ideas You Might Like. Finally, add them to the vase at the cemetery and give the flowers one more fluff and arrange your beautiful cemetery vase floral Landscaping and Ground Maintenance: A major portion of cemetery funds is often allocated towards managing the cemetery’s green spaces. com The LA Group’s holistic approach to cemetery design has fostered a reputation for excellence, with a deep understanding of visitor experience, history, culture, and architectural context. See more ideas about cemetery flowers, memorial flowers, cemetery vases. Step-by-step instructions and tips. How do you make flowers stay in a cemetery vase? The styrofoam cone fits snugly into the vase on the grave headstone to keep the flowers from falling out. Sep 12, 2021 · TUTORIAL FOR DIY FLORAL ARRANGEMENT FOR GRAVESIDE VASE. Jul 22, 2024 · Step 4: Decorate the graveyard cake. Choose items that are formulated for the outdoors. May 22, 2013 · Check out our ideas for remember your loved ones this Memorial Day Weekend. Through decades of study and daily practice, The LA Group’s cemetery design team deeply understands the human experience and the emotional role cemeteries With their intricate details and realistic designs, these decorations will make it feel like you've stepped into a haunted cemetery. Serene White Marble Grave with Flowers. Jan 2, 2021 · Well, although the choices are more limited than designing an upright headstone, there are still many options. It allows you to display personal items to help com Spring Wildflower Cemetery Saddle - Red and Yellow Wildflowers - Cemetery Flower Set with vases- (1-SD2373/2-MD2321-V) "A colorful wildflower saddle arrangement that features a mix of miniature red and white mums, purple daisies, yellow lilac and a variety of greenery. Write down the top five things you’d like future generations to know, whether you’re designing for yourself or a loved one. hubpages. If you’ve ever left flowers on a grave, you’ve participated in this time-honored tradition. Because I decorate every year, I want my Halloween decorations to be sturdy enough to reuse. Mar 7, 2024 · With the decorative elements in place, your greenery cemetery cross is almost complete. Once you arrive at the cemetery, locate the gravesite where you want to place the arrangement. The final step in creating your greenery cemetery cross is to find the right spot in the cemetery to place it. Budget friendly, easy and beautiful. Jul 9, 2022 · Come Learn how to make an Artificial Cemetery Arrangement with Sherry & Amanda of Grace Monroe Home. From traditional shapes to innovative engravings , double headstones can encapsulate personal stories , shared interests, and individual characters in a single memorial. Working within each cemetery’s guidelines and using the amount of space available to plant, Serene & Green can design a unique small-scale garden for your family member’s gravesite. See more ideas about cemetery, grave decorations, cemetery decorations. Sep 19, 2023 · Learn how to decorate a grave with creative ideas for decorating. Final Goodbyes; Difference Between a Headstone and a Tombstone: A Grave Topic Unturned Dec 16, 2023 · Before Decorating your Mother’s Grave… Ensure that you check the cemetery rules and regulations to ensure that items are allowable. In an earlier post, we demonstrated tips and tricks on how to prepare dollar store flowers to save money to make Bowdabra cemetery vases. They also allow families to decorate graves for a more extended period around Christmas. How I make my flower arrangements for my husband's grave. Nov 15, 2019 · Some cemeteries, like national cemeteries, only allow you to decorate graves around the holidays. For tombstones, use icing to decorate the oblong vanilla cookies with words (RIP) or spooky faces, and place them on the cake. In this article, we will explore the many ways you can decorate the grave of a loved one, including the most common and more unusual ways to make your cemetery visit special. This article will detail how to make your own cemetery pillow. The plastic holds up very well and can be taken home to be refilled for another season. Pin It So You Don't Forget It! #diy #cemetery #saddle Hi Everyone!! This video is a tutorial to make a cemetery vase bouquet including a tutorial to make the easiest bow!! 🎀My cemetery v Apr 27, 2016 · How do you make a cemetery flower arrangement? Use my easy step-by-step tutorial to make your own cemetery flower arrangements. I have noticed that other saddles were higher. Explore different ways to decorate a grave that are both personal & respectful. com/shop/MadewithmyheartbyHWMNeed to contact me: lori@hardworkingmom. The deceased may have left a will or information of how they want the cemetery marker designed. Nov 12, 2016 · Tutorial on how to make Christmas Decorations or Cemetery Headstone Saddle with flowers and other decorative items. Jul 26, 2024 · While you can purchase memorial stones and grave markers at the store, designing them yourself is one of the best ways of showing how much your pet meant to you. Saddles are aluminum or heavy plastic units that have legs that drape over the May 19, 2022 · You can choose real or artificial flowers for a grave, depending on your preference and the cemetery's requirements. Natural areas are dotted with memorials and can be ideal for less formal interment. As long as you stick to cemetery regulations, there's no wrong answer. You can have the design made according to what the person loved or their personality. Similarly, a cemetery design that incorporates the use of ground covers may promote community spirit and the Jul 12, 2018 - Over the years, I have had to find creative ways to make lasting decorations that stay nice out in the elements at my infant sons' graves in the extreme temperatures in my homestate of North Dakota. In this article, we’ll go o Oct 27, 2020 · 1. This is a Dollar Tree inspired craft project & was Sep 29, 2017 · Gravestone saddles can be the primary floral centerpiece for a cemetery plot. How Building Design and Décor must be thought about. This floral arrangement is made using a … Once the cemetery requirements have been identified, the design process includes: Choice of memorial material (granite, bronze, stone) Selection of general memorial design (traditional, modern, religious, simple) Decide upon the most appropriate biographical and epitaph language for the memorial Sep 19, 2023 · In more recent history, Decoration Day was started three years after the Civil War as a time for American citizens to decorate the graves of fallen soldiers with flowers. Also ch Sep 12, 2023 · Creating the Cross Design. Most cemeteries these days have websites with the grave site decorating rules listed; if the one you're visiting does not, you'll need to call the office or city in charge of the cemetery. A memorial garden does not have to look like a cemetery. One way to honor the person's memory and enjoy a few smiles among the tears is to decorate the area around the grave in a way that adds color to the area, reflects the person's interests, celebrates the time of year or shows that you haven't forgotten the person. Personalize With Mementos. Here are a few tips on how to create a cross design for a grave. The final step is to bring it to the cemetery and find the perfect spot to showcase your heartfelt tribute. However, depending on your proficiency and the complexity of your cemetery’s layout, the approach may vary: Dec 3, 2017 · Hey guys!!! Thank you for watching. Here are some of the ornaments that you can use as decoration. A cemetery master plan should include a feasibility study. Utilizing a digital technology aid can help schedule and track maintenance tasks, ensuring the cemetery’s green spaces are well-managed. Arranging for a memorial is a difficult task. (Email)Rita Gibbsrgibbs4941@ Sep 11, 2020 · 1. Aug 17, 2024 · Design Ideas for Headstones: Adding a Touch of Elegance to Eternity; Difference Between a Memorial and a Funeral: Lasting Tributes vs. Preserving community stories digitally, Chronicle’s cemetery map offers a safe and secure place for the history of the people who made your Find and save ideas about how to make cemetery flowers on Pinterest. However, before you start decorating, you need to make sure you’re following the cemetery’s decoration rules. A serene and beautiful grave decoration featuring a white marble headstone surrounded by a variety of soft pink and white flowers. The setting is peaceful with a lush green background. It must be user-friendly supporting human performance. From ‘Instructables‘, make this Halloween cemetery archway with plywood, foam board and lighting to create a spooky entrance to your Jul 30, 2021 · Read on for ideas about how to decorate a cremation niche. Be sure to speak with your cemetery before purchasing this arrangement. Many cemeteries allow these, but every cemetery has its own set of rules. Memorial Day tends to showcase a cemetery awash in red, white, and blue—while the winter months favor Christmas red, green, and gold. Sep 10, 2020 · Cemetery rules also play an important role in what items are left on a headstone. Spring Wildflower Cemetery Saddle - Red and Yellow Wildflowers - Cemetery Flower Set with vases- (1-SD2373/2-MD2321-V) "A colorful wildflower saddle arrangement that features a mix of miniature red and white mums, purple daisies, yellow lilac and a variety of greenery. Gravesite Decorations You Can Use for a Memorable Cemetery Visit Sep 21, 2023 · Depending on the cemetery, this may or may not be allowed. Mar 19, 2020 · Pet Memorial Garden Ideas for a Cat; Pet Memorial Garden Ideas for Fish, Birds, and Other Animals; Consider doing so with a pet memorial garden. To Honor and Remember the Life of a Loved One. The only thing you will need to consider is the rules and guidelines of the church or cemetery. While preserving the aesthetics of a cemetery’s landscape is a delicate matter When you add cemetery niches to your offering, you give a place for customers to securely inter their loved ones with dignity. Decorating a grave with a grave blanket. Your ideas can easily be “mixed and matched” to fit your budget. I noticed the gravestone was a long distance from the cemetery roadway, and I wanted to be able to see it better from the road. However, you can make cemetery visits even more special by decorating the tomb site of your lost beloved. comFollow me on Instagram @hardwor When a person is buried in a cemetery, the family will often visit the gravesite to pay tribute to the person who died. (Source: Lewiston Monument) Mar 16, 2023 · Then, slice the pool noodle piece lengthwise to wrap around the stems. The emotions of saying goodbye to departed family members, partners, friends, and loved ones are made harder by the decisions we have to make on how to commemorate them for future generations. Jun 29, 2020 · A glass-front niche is a popular option for those seeking a resting place for an urn following cremation. Every cemetery has different rules for decorating grave sites, and you need to know what rules apply before you decorate. Florals and saddle were purchased at Hobby Lobby. To create a Halloween cemetery archway entrance, you can take advantage of what you already have, buy something specifically for Halloween or make your own. You can use a wreath, decorative stone, silk arrangement or solar lights! Aug 17, 2024 · The design process allows for extensive customization, ensuring the monument is as unique as the individuals it represents. Today I have a How To video on making Christmas cemetery arrangements. Once you have chosen the shape, decide whether you will use the same flowers throughout or a mixture of several different flowers. Florals from @hobbylobby Thanks for tuning in this week! Aug 22, 2023 · Back in 2010, Handan visited America for the first time. Here are a few awesome ideas to get you started: Some gardeners enjoy making fun and creepy scarecrows to watch over the garden. As we mentioned earlier, wreaths come in many different shapes, so that should be your first consideration. Just keep in mind that not all cemeteries will allow every type of decoration listed below. They are available with and without foam insert. See more ideas about cemetery flowers, grave decorations, cemetery decorations. Consider any specific preferences or instructions from family members. You can make this cemetery arrangement in any color combination you choose. The design should consider the cemetery’s location and how it will affect the overall space. In this tutorial we are going to show you how to make an easy and beautiful floral arrangement for a cemetery vase. We will also teach you the best ways to create and maintain your very own graveside memorial. Mar 10, 2021 · For example, you might decorate a grave to honor a deceased loved one on their birthday. " Other times, we put flower Collaborative Garden Design. For more advice on the burial process and what to know about finding a cemetery for your loved one, please be sure to read: “How to Choose a Cemetery” Aug 15, 2024 · 4 | Add a Halloween cemetery archway entrance. The cemetery can be decorated as an opportunity to pay tribute to their memory and show our gratitude and love for them. 2. Sep 26, 2016 · Decorating headstones and gravesites is a great way to show your love for the dearly departed and help contribute to the ambiance of a modern cemetery. This video will show you step by step on how to make fall flower arrangement for cemetery. But regardless of the age, culture, or geographic area of the mourners, the most popular item to leave at a grave is an artificial flower arrangement. Solar lights can be placed on the grave and will light up at night, providing a comforting glow. With this particular cone, the top 1 1/2 inches will be sticking out of the vase. Most graves have a standard size flower vase. The cemetery is also one of Chicago’s most historic cemeteries. Nov 22, 2022 · Decorating your loved one’s grave is a beautiful way to honor them and personalize the gravesite. The 8 DIY Pet Grave Markers & Memorial Stones 1. Sometimes, it is during "Decoration Season. It's grave markers, monuments and Oct 18, 2021 · “If you get your pricing too close to the cemetery’s, there’s no incentive,” says Maureen Walton, owner of The Cemetery Exchange. Wrap the noodle around the stems and zip-tie them to secure them. Lorko, whose crypts are valued by the cemetery at $21,000, priced them at $12,500 on Plot Brokers; she listed them at $17,000 on The Cemetery Exchange, in part to recoup additional Feb 13, 2018 · This step-by-step wrapping guide for holiday food gifts in a jar was made for you if you can’t afford to buy everyone you know a fancy storebought present. A Personal Photo Keeping a personal photo of your loved one in a glass-front cremation niche after they’ve passed on can be helpful in the healing process. Cut a 2 x 4 into a 36-inch length. Wind chimes. Will you be including space for Dec 14, 2021 · Contact the cemetery. Others will combine their humor with a bit of popular culture, like this Snow White and the Seven Dwarves cemetery. Sep 16, 2020 · Before purchasing any of these practical grave accessories, please consult the cemetery’s policies to make sure they are allowed. Some green burial places only allow fresh flower arrangements to be left behind. I built the foam blocks up and made them higher (see photo gallery above). The cemetery niche should become a focus, a sacred space, offering opportunity for self-expression in an elegant, beautiful setting. There are different shapes and sizes of foam available and you may have to experiment which ones work best for your cemetery vase. etsy. Invalid response (Source: Schlitzberger & Daughters) This tombstone design features a photo and decorative engravings in the corners in a classic style. The design must respond to regional elements of the area. Flowers and decorative plants. Go even lower if possible. National cemeteries allow people to decorate around Easter and Memorial Day. Mar 13, 2021 · Cemetery pillows are Christmas decorations, most often placed at graves, to commemorate loved ones during the holidays. If the cemetery allows it, wind chimes make great, multi-sensory grave decorations. You can decorate the grave seasonally, or just for special occasions. Cemetery flower holder Dec 24, 2021 · One of the most common holiday mementos are Christmas ornaments. Biondan’s cemetery niche lines give you many design options. Oct 24, 2022 · This article will explore some of the most popular cemetery plot decorations, as well as the rules and regulations that often apply, since it's sometimes not as easy as simply placing a desired decoration on your loved one's final resting spot. Another aspect to consider when planning cemetery land use is the interment products. Raised markers will have a slant to make it easier to read the cemetery marker from a distance. Combine them with some fog machines and eerie lighting effects to create an unforgettable ambiance that will leave your guests trembling with fear. The choice is yours. Apr 24, 2024 · 1. Such as: 1. Sep 17, 2022 - Explore Valetta Parham's board "Christmas wreaths for graves" on Pinterest. Sep 21, 2017 · You can mount a floral piece on top of a headstone in a gravestone saddle. Your Halloween tombstones can be made out of foam core, cardboard, styrofoam, or wood. If this is possible, a cemetery design that incorporates natural areas will be ideal. Sep 10, 2020 · Consider decorating a bare tree branch with Easter eggs during the spring. At some point we passed a cemetery, and I said to Handan, “Hey babes! Look at the marble farm!” It was a term I learned from my father back in the 70s and 80s. It also includes the typical information found on a headstone as well as a short epitaph. Feb 24, 2021 · Nowadays, few people visit the cemetery very often, due to lack of time or distance: it is therefore advisable to choose resistant plants to decorate the graves, which is not necessarily made easy due to infrequent maintenance and poor cultural conditions: poor soil due to earthworks, too much toasted by the sun with rains that run off with soil erosion. The city’s largest cemetery offers beauty at any season, legendary leaders, wildlife, and a peaceful opportunity for introspection. A raised cemetery marker, also called a slanted cemetery marker, can be made out of bronze and granite and be preferred over a flat marker because it can stand out more above other flat markers and be spotted easier from afar. . I took her out for a drive around my hometown of Glastonbury, Connecticut. Sep 6, 2020 - Explore Martha West's board "cemetery vase floral arrangements" on Pinterest. Grave blankets are large floral arrangements that are placed on top of a grave. In some ways, this final resting place becomes a new home for their loved one, and many people decorate headstones and gravesites to make the place feel as special as possible. And I love to use an arbor for this purpose. #cemeterysaddle See how I do a last minute headstone saddle floral arrangement. Engage with local community members, organizations, or religious institutions to collectively design and create a community memorial garden. This will help make a perfect design of a cemetery marker for the person. Flat river rocks are easy to paint and you can either get them in nature or purchase rocks from a hobby store. 1. If your loved one’s cemetery has few rules, you may consider decorating your family member’s grave with battery-operated Christmas lights. When you first begin to think about designing a headstone, start with a list. Ideas for a Spring Cemetery Saddle. You can place personal items, such as a favorite book or toy on the grave to remember the person. The saddle is appropriate for a burial service at the cemetery. Look online for design ideas for a funeral wreath. Rosehill Cemetery was founded 1859 and is an American garden cemetery on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois. 18. Christmas lights. The stone topper is good for a memorial floral piece that can be made with fresh or silk flowers. Mar 7, 2021 · We hope our guide has given you some ideas for how you can continue to show your love for the deceased by routinely decorating their headstone. You can even get inspired by kits or garden décor and create something from found elements at your home. Mosaic in Concrete Image Credit: discover. No matter how practical the purchase is, it would be a waste of money if the cemetery staff removes the decoration within hours. Choose a basic design. Feb 25, 2022 · Here are some more standardized designs you’d typically see in a cemetery. 8448083310 Memorial Planning Varied When you first begin to think about designing a headstone, start with a list. You could also choose to add decorations once or keep updating them. From the first expansion to the last, all stages of cemetery layout and design should be accounted for. This is because some decor items will pose a safety risk to visitors, interfere with lawn maintenance, or can be viewed as inappropriate to some. Sep 18, 2020 · Creating sculptures or figurines out of clay or other materials is another family-friendly activity for decorating your dad or grandpa’s grave. The saddle can be placed at the top center of most graves or headstones. Sep 28, 2018 · How to Make Halloween Tombstones for Your Spooky Halloween Cemetery . Decorate your family member’s grave with either the red or white variety. Homemade food gifts in mason jars take less than an hour to make, they’re inexpensive, and they’ll score you brownie points with loved ones for being super cute and creative. Try one of these flower ideas for decorating a grave: Favorite color - Choose flowers in the person's favorite color to add a cheerful touch. How To Make DIY Halloween Cemetery Pillars (The Easy Way) Halloween Outdoor Lighting Ideas: 18 Spooky Ways To Light Your Yard; Halloween Fog Machine Ideas: How To Make Low Lying Fog; How To Keep Styrofoam Tombstones In The Ground; DIY Halloween Graveyard Ideas: How to Make a Halloween Cemetery Sep 29, 2017 · Visiting the cemetery plot of a loved one is a time for mourning, but it's also a time for celebrating the life of the departed. Nov 1, 2023 · Other Outdoor Halloween Ideas You Might Like. Your cross’s height may vary, but we find that 36 inches is usually the right height for grave markers. Add your pet’s name. baifms snfcq vae vqqgsl hwhqb gqkiaq wkfon rjh wmxkugv rgbfy