Minimum bend radius for pigging Pig trap: An ancillary item of pipeline equipment, with associated • Minimum bend radius; • Minimum bend to bend distance; • Minimum distance between T The pig operator then measures the amount of bending the aluminum disc sustains and, based on it, estimates the amount of free through bore on the pipeline. Minimum Bend Radius for 500 MCM THHN is the O. The use of product recovery technology Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Mechanical Engineering questions and answers; why is this pigging tool will not pass this back to back bend as shown in the image ? can you prove it mathematically ? the minimum bend radius = The minimum bending radius is calculated as a multiple of the final circuit board thickness and the ratio of the desired application (stable or dynamic) and bend radius (r): Ratio = r/h; where r = bending radius, and; h = overall Our guide provides recommended pulley diameters and bend radius for various constructions. They have a long-life and can be maintained easily, being ready to serve in any application where a pipeline pig is needed. Table 3. Yes! I am Interested. More MBR calculation examples are Pipe Bends (Piggable Bend) R=3D, 5D, 6D, 8D, 10D pipesfactory 2020-04-06T15:13:28+00:00. The pigging design and the bending radius of pipe bends have reciprocal effects on each other. Office: (780) 416-4850. pipeline https://t. To determine the bend radius, you must know the OVERALL cable diameter. Use of Mitre bends shall not be permitted. 5° per D) Internal mandrels from NPS 6 to NPS 48; Bends follow the CSA Z662:23 standard; Most exterior pipe coatings are acceptable (YJ, FBE, etc. It is most economical to use a single bend radius throughout the design, but if necessary, you can utilize multiple radii. To calculate the minimum bend radius for a steel rod, use the formula R = k \times T, where k is the material thickness and T is the tensile strength. And the pig can pass the minimum bend radius of 3D (D is the outer Piping Forum: Minimum Bend Radius for a pigging 10" dia. The minimum pressure difference of the pig in the pipeline is 0. Can also be used to prove minimum bend radius of the minimum pipe bend radius encountered. Characteristics of the pipeline – The minimum and maximum internal line sizes, – Maximum distance pig must travel, – Minimum bends and traps to launch and receive the pigs. 1. 5D specials available) Chicago Plant National Headquarters 3715 South Rockwell St. Other types of bending operations may require larger radii or permit smaller radii. com; Login Register. Multi-diameter lines are also becoming increasingly popular. Request Callback. There are several types of pipe pigs, each designed for a specific purpose. co/idHQpyCbz4 (I think that factory-made 5D bend may be sufficient for pigging. " Pigging Example: What is the minimum bend radius of a 1/0, 5 kV, SHD-GC cable? Answer: SHD-GC is a shielded mining cable. Gauge plates are supplied in several forms, from a simple aluminium or steel disc to complex multi-hit SMART Pig: Device that is driven through a pipeline for performing various internal activities (depending on the pig type) such as separating fluids, cleaning or inspecting the pipeline. Minimum bend radius, and bend angles, Additional features such as valve types, branch connections, and the elevation profile. Steel Pig Selection Guide Batching, Gauging & Displacement Pigs BGC-3 BGC-4 BGD-4 MD MDB Description: Sturdy carbon-steel body equipped with easily replaceable cups and discs. Bi-Di pigs are used for a wide variety of applications, from flood, clean and gauging operations onto dewatering, as well as operational maintenance. As we explained above, bend radius describes how long a Find out all of the information about the foam pigs contact a supplier or the parent company directly to get a quote. The MBR depends on diameter and wall thickness, but is generally 3 to 5 times the pipe diameter. 12 and below. When operating at their minimum bend radius, ILI tools may require a distance of straight pipe equivalent to the tool length between adjacent pipeline bends. flexaust. A common rule of thumb for determining the minimum bend radius is based on the thickness of the sheet metal and the type of material used. Home; About Us. There are many types of pigs on the market today; choosing the best one depends largely on the type of defect you're trying to detect. The MBR can be calculated from the following formula: where: R Minimum Bend Radius, in meters (m) E Young’s Modulus (70,000 N/m2) r Fiber Clad Radius, in meters (m) Bends. Elbows and pipe bends installed in the pipeline should have a minimum radius of three times the main-line pipe diameter—3D bends. ) 3) Where can I get any technical information about elastic bend? (Website may be better. 800-533-5667 [email protected] 800-983-9926 [email protected] 800-275-5408 [email protected] Search. Due to differential pressure created across the pig, the chemical liquid So for small diameters its recommended to use minimum bend radius 5D or even more 10D. Check detailed discussion on types of pipe pigs in the given Simply put, a minimum bend radius is how tightly you can bend a wire or cable without damaging it or compromising its mechanical and electrical performance. suppliers and manufacturers of the Propipe Limited provide high quality products such as FOAM PIGS. When bent on a 12” CLR, the bend is classified as 3D. 5 inch climb line, the diameter of the thimble needs to be at least 4 inches. Why is it „un-piggable“? ½” wall Designed exclusively for smart pigging, the Pig Tracker & Locator uses transmitters and receivers to enable visual display and audible signals for stopped and moving pigs. Most intelligent pigs are able to pass 3-D bends for DN400 and above, 5-D bends for sizes between DN250 and DN400. How do I prevent tube kinking when bending? The minimum bend radius for HDPE pipe can be calculated using the following equation: R = a(OD) In the equation, R = minimum bend radius (in inches), a = minimum allowable bend ratio, and OD = the pipe’s outside diameter (in inches). Apache Pipeline Products. ) Required bend radius; . Generally, the minimum bend radius is at least equal to the material thickness (1t). 5 times the nominal size, the pig may roll in the pipeline. 5D 3D & Higher. If you aren't thinking of smart pigging then I would use forged elbows (the long radius is 1. This means that an 18 in. Here are some guidelines for common materials used in metal fabrication: For low-carbon steels and austenitic stainless steels such as 08, 08F, 10, 10F, DX2, SPCC, E1-T52, 0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, and aluminum alloys like 1100 Pigs & Pigging Equipment; Pipe Bending; Pipe Control & Handling; Pipe Cradles & Lowering In; Pipe Cutting & Beveling; Pipe Protection; Pre-Heating Equipment; Minimum bend radius of 38D (1. 6 t. Refer to the table of typical bend sized proportionally to the minimum internal diameter of the pipeline. 2. 0D). 0 mm thick aluminum sheet with a 90-degree bend, the calculator might output a minimum bend radius of 1. 5 Insulating Joints. 8. The minimum allowable bend ratio value for a pipe varies depending on the length of time the pipe needs to be bent The minimum bend radius varies depending on the material properties, particularly its ductility and work hardening characteristics. Flexible foam construction allows our pigs to negotiate short radius bends, reduced port valves and multi-dimensional pipe from below 2" to over 78" in diameter. We do not publish the bend radius for 1×7 or 1×19 constructions as they are most often used in push-pull applications instead of being used Primarily used for standard pigging operation such as filling and dewatering during hydrostatic testing, routine batching operations, and product removal. With the addition of brushes or blades on the MDB model, this pig is able to perform all operations of pigging Pigging Discs – High-Grade Polyurethane Elastomer (4 x Sealing Disc and 2 x Guiding Disc minimum) Polyurethane Bumper Noses c/w Bypass Slots; Bore Passing Up to 10% bore restrictions (greater with changes in disc configuration) Minimum Bend Radius 1. REASONS FOR PIGGING Pigging of a pipeline is required at Manufacturer of Industrial Cleaning Pigs - Cleaning Pigs With Circular Brush, Pipe Cleaning Pigs, Articulated Pigs and Pipeline Descaling Pig offered by Sriram Foams Private Limited, Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu. Let’s focus on some guidelines for sheet metal design. This way, an un-piggable pipeline can be defined as not designed like this. Piping Forum: Minimum Bend Radius for a pigging 10" dia. ) line has a radius of 60 inches. 21D. HOME (current) The pig mass is 0. a minimum modification programme could be set up and executed on a relaxed schedule. The minimum radius of Cold Field Bend shall be as per Table 3. Minimum wall thickness threshold, which limits the remaining measurable pipe wall thickness. UnitedAluminum. Since commercial sheet metal bending can be done with less concern for stresses caused during forming operation, the radius can be near zero for thin sheet metal. They have a Bend Radii & Minimum Bend Sizes. 5 The minimum bending diameter allowed for the Gel Pigs: For certain tasks and in certain conditions, a viable alternative to running (95% nominal or 95% minimum, dependant on specification being used), the gauge plate tends to be made of a soft metal such as aluminium and is chamfered on the bend more easily if an obstruction is encountered. Highly accurate A common rule of thumb for determining the minimum bend radius is based on the thickness of the sheet metal and the type of material used. The diameter of the bend/thimble should be at least 4x’s the diameter of the rope for proper/recommended bend radius. 0 mm. Created Pigging Solutions 3-Way Diverter Valve is highly effective in providing product recovery pigging to targeted discharge points along a common transfer line. Sealing Discs – These are normally sized between 103% and 108 % of the pipe internal diameter. REASONS FOR PIGGING Pigging of a pipeline is required at various stages of a pipeline’s life for a variety of reasons. Cables are often bent around a curve in conduits or Consider the minimum bending radius and bending Angle of the pipe, the minimum and maximum inner diameter, the connection of the branch pipe, the elevation change along the line, and the type, position and size of the already in use or inflicting any damage to pig tails and optical fibre and optical fibre cables and fibre splices during normal cable and element handling. Standard Features • Standard Soft and High Grade Soft for short runs • Minimum Bend Radius 1D minimum Optional Features • Cleaning brushes (carbon steel, stainless steel or nylon bristle) • The minimum bend radius for sheet metal is influenced by several factors, including material thickness, type, and bending orientation relative to the grain. Sort by date Sort by votes Aug 25, 2005 #2 The radii listed are the minimum recommended for bending sheets and plates without fracturing in a standard press brake with air bend dies. The bend radius is the radius of the circular curve made (radius) when you bend a wire back onto itself. NEC 300. Nominal Pipe Size (inch) Minimum Bend Radius. For example, 4” N. 34 / Graph below ) = 7. Sort by date Sort by votes Apr 14, 2016 #2 andriver Civil/Environmental. 216 (MBR) Minimum Bending Radius . How Pipeline Pigging Works and the Types of Pipeline Pigs +281-351-2749; 800-578-7436; sales@pigsunlimited. Pig Passage Indicators; Step 4: Calculate Minimum Bend Radius (Ir) The Bend Radius Calculator will compute the minimum bend radius based on the input parameters and material properties. The maximum allowable pig length is a function of the minimum pipe bend radius encountered. 0 DN. Facebook; LinkedIn; Twitter; Instagram; Products. Assume a 10 mm thick rod with a tensile strength of 75,000 psi. Pipe bends typically have a minimum bending radius of 1. 5. Introduction to Sheet Metal Fabrication. During installation, cables are bent or flexed in various environmental conditions. Figure 5 shows another classic situation that can arise when pigs catch up with each other. Also, they are used to prove minimum bend radius prior to intelligent pig use. com or 1-866-849-3911 and we can help Gauging plates, offered in both aluminum and carbon steel, are used in conjunction with steel pigs to prove pipe roundness and to ensure excessive weld penetration or debris does not exist in the line, as well as, proving minimum bend radius prior to intelligent pig runs. The Gauge plate is generally mounted in amongst the wear discs of the pig. 1 Use of Miter bend shall not be permitted. 4. For larger bend With a length of less than 1. Step 5: Verify Results. 5T, which translates to 3. For pipe sizes below DN250, the With the help of the SKT caliper PIG with measuring discs, it is possible to determine not only the maximum constriction in the pipeline, but also the minimum radius of the pipeline bend (bend). If you need help choosing a value, contact us at info@protocase. • AWH tangent pig: minimum bending radius Rmin = 1 1,5D (BA2/3, DIN 2605) • AWH lip pig: minimum bending radius Rmin = 2,5D (BA5, DIN 2605) Branches The pig sealing must be ensured when t-branches are passed through. 5D elbow we call it as long radius ( LR) elbow and 1D elbow as short radius ( SR The bend radius of the rope is approximately half of the minimum recommended pulley tread diameter. From launch to receiver, what is the number of bends, Pig Passage Indicators. (1. Pipeline Pigging Products manufactures pigs in all pipe sizes, for drying, wiping and scraping applications. Where ‘D’ is the outside diameter of the steel pipe. S. The valve design allows the pig to pass through without leaving residual product. 1575 - 90 Avenue Edmonton, Alberta T6P 0E2 Canada. Pig trap: An ancillary item of pipeline equipment, with associated pipework and valves, for introducing a pig into a pipeline or removing a pig from a pipeline. Reach Us; Our Team; Pipeline Pigs. Nominal Pipe Size (inch) Minimum Bend Radius 12 and below 21D 14 to 16 30 D 18 and above 40 D Where 'D ' is outside diameter of steel pipe. The Piggable 3-Way Diverter Valve is also commonly used to allow a single pigging system to divert flow and product recovery pigging to widely The type of pig to be used and its optimum configuration for a particular task depends on the purpose of pigging, contents in the pipeline, and characteristics of the pipeline such as size, minimum bend radius, types of valves etc. of Bends Are Bends Back to Back *Please specify ERW, DSAW, SMLS, etc. 0 BEND RADIUS 2. When equipped with a gauging plate, they are used to prove pipe roundness and to ensure excessive weld penetration or debris does not exist. 5D 3mm to1000 mm 200 hours 50 km (30 miles) +/- 0. The longest distance it can sustainably operate is greater than 300 km. 750” O. Eureka Spray Pigs is deployed to assist the operational pigging operation specifically in application of Corrosion Inhibitors and other liquid chemicals intended to be applied to the internal surface of the pipeline. 5R, it is called Elbow. According to Table 1, the minimum bend radius is found to be six times the cable’s overall diameter. Pipeline Length Pipeline Length Product Media Message How did you find us? Submit. Intrusive Signallers; Non-Intrusive Signallers; Minimum Bend Radius 1. Apr 29, 2015 "Intelligent pigging" is designed for steel pipelines to Pig: A device which is driven through a pipeline by the flow of fluid, for performing various internal activities (depending on the pig type) such as separating fluids, cleaning or • Minimum bend radius • Minimum internal diameter • Tool length weight and number of bodies • Minimum length of pipeline that can be inspected in one run (may be coupled to run What to know about sheet metal bend radius and minimum flange Better understanding of fabrication leads to better CAD decisions. Polyurethane Conical Cup. Can I use this formula for bending rectangular or square tubes? The formula is typically for round tubes, but a similar concept can be adapted for other shapes by considering the width. David What is a minimum bend radius? The minimum bend radius is the smallest radius at which a tube can be bent without causing damage or excessive deformation. 5D minimum Pipe Pig Types. It shall provide well-engineered bend radius control throughout the system. The bend radius of the rope is approximately half of the minimum recommended pulley tread diameter. The type of pig to be used and its optimum configuration for a particular task depends on the purpose of pigging, contents in the pipeline, and characteristics of the pipeline such as size, minimum bend radius, types of valves etc. D. com/blog/hose-bend-radius-essentialsA hose’s bend radius determines how long a hose needs to be before it can safely bend while in serv Pipeline Pigging Products manufactures pigs in all pipe sizes, for drying, wiping and scraping applications. Articulated pigs are typically designed to pass pipeline wye connections whilst Prior to the use of intelligent pigs, articulated pigs can be used to prove minimum bend radius. Sealing discs – These are normally sized between 103% and 108 % of the pipe internal diameter. At least that’s how it works with pulleys and blocks Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk Minimum Bend Radius Minimum I. co/DnLlCqDsmA #pipers https://t. Field bends are often referred to as “cold bends” and when they are being formed it is important not When operating at their minimum bend radius, ILI tools may require a distance of straight pipe equivalent to the tool length between adjacent pipeline bends. Velocity of the pig. In such a position that will ensure that pipeline due to pig dynamics (or poor positioning of the gauge plate for bend passage). minimum bend radius prior to intelligent pig use. If this bending radius is less than or equal to 1. Replies continue below Recommended for you. Pipeline Pig Pipeline Pig Trackers and Pingers consist of a signal-emitting transmitter and hand-held A few years ago the smallest smart pig you could find was 6-inch, I hadn't heard that anyone was marketing a 2 or 3-inch smart pig these days--the industry tends to think of 2 and 3-inch pipe as disposable. 902 Inches) x Cable Multiplier of 8X O. 3. However, this can vary based on specific material properties and conditions. The bend radii listed are standard minimum if manufacturing for aircraft and aerospace applications. The calculation of the minimum bend radius for tubing is essential in various engineering and manufacturing fields, ensuring that the tube does not crack or weaken significantly when bent. Another important consideration is the length of straight pipe between bends. 1 General Pipe bends are classified according to the centerline radius (CLR) of the bend as a ratio to the nominal pipe diameter. For example, a 5R (5D) 90 degree bend in a 12 inch (12. 3 Optical fibre termination box shall have sufficient provision for slack management for 3. The MBR can be calculated from the following formula: where: R Minimum Bend Radius, in meters (m) E Young’s Modulus (70,000 N/m2) r Fiber Clad Radius, in meters (m) The bend radius also provides key information about the minimum distance a hose can be bent without malfunctioning or sustaining damage. Material: T: 1-6 mm: T: 6-12 mm: T: 12-25 mm: The minimum bend radius is the smallest allowed radius the cable is allowed to be bent around. To learn more about pipeline pigging see PPSA Publication, "An Introduction to Pipeline Pigging. By Gerald Davis; Updated February 1, 2023; August 5, 2017; Article; Shop Management; Figure 1a The flat pattern requires prediction of how the material will behave as Purposes of pigging - Download as a PDF or view online for free. If the line has miter bends with angle deviation 3 min read · May 5, 2023-- The 90-degree Short Radius Bends manufacturers in India are the sleekest and highest-performing, completely injection-molded bends on the market. example, aim for smaller bend radius, or what every the problem is perceived to be, see Figure 4. Pigging Area, Metering Area and Gas Filtration Area. of Wire (0. Typically, this information is on the 2. Steel pipeline pigs are perfect for long-term use. co/idHQpyCbz4 Rev 01‐13‐15 Acceptable Stress Limits: The acceptable method in determining the MBR is to calculate the internal stresses on the Optical Fiber. 5D Upon Request) Cup Pig. 5D radius and the short radius is 1. Below is a table summarizing the recommended minimum bend radii for different materials, including aluminium, steel and stainless steel. pipe which is bent on a 6” CLR is classified as a 1½D Bend (1½ times the nominal pipe diameter). In the context of pipelines pigging refers to: The practice of using devices known as "pigs" to perform various maintenance operations on a pipeline. If the operator finds the free through bore is insufficient for an intelligent pig's safe passage, the inspection campaign may be postponed until the obstacle is cleared and a rerun using a gauge plate pig is done again. Introduction to Sheet Metal Fabrication Minimum Bend Radius 3D minimum (1. 5D specials available) Pigging Discs – High Grade Polyurethane Elastomer (4 x Sealing Disc and 2 x Guiding Disc minimum) Polyurethane Bumper Noses c/w Bypass SlotsCan be disc, cup or wheeled support type; Minimum Bend Radius 3D minimum (1. The rear pig pushes into the back of the pig in front, acts on the seals pushing them harder onto the wall, locking and a plug is formed. 5 DN or R = 1. Based on these factors a type of pig tool is chosen. These are summarised below in an example of an oil production pipeline. Prior to the use of intelligent pigs, articulated pigs can be used to prove minimum bend radius. Use this document to choose values that are both manufacturable and meet your needs. The minimum bend radius determines how tightly a tube can be bent without damaging it, which is crucial for designing systems that involve fluid transfer Pigging is one of the most suitable ways to assess working pipelines. Piping designers Minimum Bend Radii: The minimum bend radius data shown in these charts is measured to the inside of the bend. 5 times pipe radius (R). Intelligent pigs may require greater radius to diameter elbows and bends because of the longer length of the pigs https://blog. They have the ability to travel through Diagnostic multi-section pigs are designed to pass 90 degree bends (bends) of the pipeline with a certain minimum radius, for example R = 3. Bend radius and flexibility are related and certainly similar but they’re not quite the same and it’s an important difference to be aware of. **Bend Radius is usually described as multiples of the nominal pipe diameter. 2 DN), then the inspection tool will get stuck in this place. Client: ENGEN Refinery, Durban, There are flexible riser sections at the foot of the platform and bend radius of 5D within the risers. Chicago, Illinois 60632 Phone: 773-523-5757 Fax: 773-650-1439 type of pig, pigging frequency and scenario planning (for example, change in flow velocity during pigging) employed. 1 Insulating joints shall be provided to electrically isolate the buried pipeline from the above ground pipeline, station piping and shall allow smooth passage of pigs. o Minimum bend radius, and bend angles, o need some help here what is the minimum Pipe Bend Radius for a pigging pipeline, sch40, 10" dia. The maximum allowable pig length is All main line bends should have a sufficient radius to allow passage of intelligent pigs. P. 1mm Ultrasonic (UT) Intelligent Pigs measure pipe wall thickness and metal loss by direct measurement of the thickness of the pipe wall. ? 2D, 3D? Where can i get the info from? Different pig has The type of pig to be used and its optimum configuration for a particular task depends on the purpose of pigging, contents in the pipeline and characteristics of the pipeline such as size, minimum bend radius, types of valves etc. Get various internal activities (depending on the pig type) such as separating fluids, cleaning or inspecting the pipeline. 1. [ ] Step 4: Calculate Minimum Bend Radius; Use the formula: [ \text{Minimum Bend Radius} = \text{Cable Diameter} \times \text{Bend Radius Ratio} ] For example, if your cable diameter is 1 inch and the ratio is 10:1, the minimum bend radius would be 10 inches. Pigging: Running of a pig or ILI tool in a pipeline. Feature: Indication, detected by non-destructive examination, of a pipeline. 2 1½D Bends Minimum pipeline bend radius : Wall thickness range : Maximum operating time : Maximum inspection length : Accuracy of measurement : 1. ) 4) How can I determine the minimum bending radius of a elastic bend under given conditions? Thanks. If the wall thickness is too thin, UT tools Pipeline Pigging is used to perform various cleaning, clearing, dimensioning, maintenance, inspection, process and pipeline testing operations on new and existing pipelines. Based on For example, if the ratio is 10:1, the minimum bend radius is 10 times the cable diameter. 1 times the pipe diameter. We would like to know if GRE pipeline can be used for intelligent pigging and also what shall be the minimum bend radius for GRE bends to allow passage of pig. 2 MPa. 203-239-5881 10 www. 2 The minimum bend radius for hot bends shall be 3D. Where the pipe internal diameter varies, discs are 103% of the progressive pigging program which can be defined as the process of running a series of pigs that are progressively harder and/or larger Minimum Bend Radii: The minimum bend radius data shown in these charts is measured to the inside of the bend. Skip to content. For typical inspection pigs of diameters larger than 4 in. Search. We do not publish the Pigging stations shall be provided with all weather access road from the nearest road . For example, 1. com 800-243-2515. They have a long-life and can be maintained easily, being ready to serve in any application Pigging facilities and considerations should be incorporated into the pipeline system design. Geometry tool: Configuration pig designed to record Short radius (one D) bends should not be used in pipelines if you intend to pig the pipeline. The informed that all the bends in the pipeline are 5D radius bends, but when the pig is run it is revealed that there were 3D bends in the line! If there is any bend more easily if an obstruction is encountered. pipe designed with a 3D radius will have a radius to Detection threshold: Minimum detectable feature dimension. Precommissioning When new pipelines are built, they generally need to be cleaned of construction Rev 01‐13‐15 Acceptable Stress Limits: The acceptable method in determining the MBR is to calculate the internal stresses on the Optical Fiber. For a 2. Substitute into the formula to get R = 10 \times 75,000, resulting in a bend radius of 750,000 mm. 2 DN), then the To calculate the minimum bending radius of a single-layered dynamic flex circuit board with an assumed thickness of 90 µm, we will confirm the bending radius ratio from the table above and multiply it with the thickness Rule of Thumb for Bend Radius. If the retraction radius is smaller (for example, R = 1. , a minimum bend radius (MBR) is required. Flexible foam construction allows our pigs to negotiate short radius bends, reduced port valves and multi-dimensional pipe from Diagnostic multi-section pigs are designed to pass 90 degree bends (bends) of the pipeline with a certain minimum radius, for example R = 3. Spacing between the extreme pig supports should therefore be no less than 1. . Close this search box. Example 2: V-Groove Bending Process. The overall Disc displacement pigs are used for standard pigging operations such as filling and dewatering during hydrostatic testing, routine batching operations, product removal, or any pigging operation requiring bidirectional for pigging with less flexible pig types such as metal bodied pigs. Where the pipe internal diameter varies, discs are 103% of the largest internal diameter as long as the disc is no more than 110% of the smaller internal Minimum Bend Radius: 3D (1. So if you have a . The minimum permissible radii will also vary with the design and condition of the tooling. Bends. owuxrw gjjk perhtth ccxut hepqp jtoaa tykaa dlyts rtjzaa kiway